• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    It involves integrating the gas streams of an electric power generation plant in a different way, using a biomass boiler, with the gas streams of the facilities of a cement clinker manufacturing plant, to take advantage of all the synergies possible between the two types of facilities, in such a way that the investment cost is minimized by being able to take advantage of facilities common to both processes, mainly related to the purification of combustion gases, and the performance of the electrical power generation facility is increased . The arrangement of the integration is such that it allows, on occasions, the independent operation of both processes, although without the increase in the efficiency of the electric power generation. On the one hand, a lower investment cost is obtained, and on the other hand a lower operating cost. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2812673A1
    申请号:ES201900133
    申请日:2018-12-26
    公开日:2021-03-17
    发明作者:Maldonado Francisco Javier Lirola
    申请人:Cogcem Proyectos S L；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0002] Biomass boiler integration system in cement clinker manufacturing processes
    [0004] The object of the present Patent of Invention is to try to integrate in current cement clinker manufacturing plants or other newly built plants, a plant for the generation of electricity from biomass (or other combustible waste). The aim is to take advantage of the hot gas currents from the cement process and the biomass boiler in an adequate way to improve the performance of both processes, taking advantage of the synergies derived from their integration, not only by taking advantage of the gas currents. but by the drying capacity of wet fuels or the use of gas purification systems typical of cement clinker manufacturing facilities, purification systems that would not be necessary for the cogeneration plant if the boilers are integrated within of the cement manufacturing plant.
    [0006] The proposed model does not imply a limitation for the production of clinker in the kilns of the cement clinker manufacturing plants, but rather it is a way of optimizing the processes by adding the generation of electrical energy. Additionally, the model manages to increase the use of biomass-derived fuels, which is why it is in a position to reduce Greenhouse Gas emissions from both processes.
    [0008] It is therefore a method to modify some of the current cement clinker manufacturing facilities (in others this integration process may not be possible due to lack of space), as well as to define the designs of future manufacturing plants. of cement clinker to be built in developing countries, in order not only to produce clinker to make cement, but also to be able to use biomass and other residues in combustion processes, avoiding fossil CO 2 emissions through the use of very abundant agricultural residues in all countries, especially in developing countries, as well as to generate electricity in an effective way, from an economic, ecological and social point of view, considerably reducing the costs of investment regarding the realization of both plants separately.
    [0010] This design can be complemented with other sources of energy use and purification systems to improve yields and reduce environmental emissions.
    [0012] Background of the invention
    [0014] Cement factories are facilities of recognized solvency, with a technology in constant evolution, especially from the mid-twentieth century, basically focused on the problems derived from the production of cement clinker, an element considered strategic especially in countries on the way. development, but also for developed countries, since the concrete structures built do not have an infinite life and it will be necessary to reform them.
    [0016] In recent years, at the European level, Integral cement production factories have adapted to reduce costs, mainly using alternative fuels derived from waste. This adaptation has been possible thanks to the innate conditions of the cement process: high temperatures and residence times, oxidizing atmosphere, alkaline environment; as well as an intense investment program to adapt facilities and processes. However, the economic crisis has come to hit the sector hard, especially in Europe, where the level of built infrastructures is high, so cement sales have fallen considerably, not being necessary many of the installed plants. The increase in the costs of electricity and fuels and above all, the change in the framework of the regulation of the allocation of emission rights, to try to combat the effects of climate change, call for the closure of many Integral plants of cement, which will be installed in developing countries, in which the legislation is not as strict as in Europe, and where the volumes of sale and price of cement, foresee strong economic benefits for companies, which, have started a strategy to divest in Europe, and move its production to third countries.
    [0018] The destruction of the productive tissue, due to these three conjugated factors; Increase in fuel and electricity prices, increase in price due to the emission of greenhouse gases, decrease in the volume of cement sales; They seem to lead the sector to the definitive closure of its facilities in Europe.
    [0020] At the same time, due to social and administrative pressure, with the application of more rigorous environmental control laws, factories have had to make heavy investments to control their emissions: channeled particles (bag filters), SO 2 (spray dryer ), NOx (SCNR), fugitive particles (ships, windbreak screens, belt closures, ...), continuous measurement equipment. Concern for these issues related to health and well-being cannot reduce the level of demand that Administrations must demand from the industry, but these demands will surely increase in the coming years.
    [0022] On the other hand, the inherent characteristics of the cement manufacturing process that requires the handling of pulverulent materials, and the criticisms of environmental groups against the waste recovery processes, make cement factories are poorly perceived among many sectors of the city. population, affected in one way or another by the operation of these facilities. Above all, of those that have not adapted their assets to the new social needs due to the lack of profitability, which in recent years meant a significant drop in the level of investment that had to be made for the proper maintenance of facilities, processes , teams and human capital.
    [0024] Despite everything, modern society poses additional challenges to industries:
    [0025] - Significant reduction of greenhouse gas emissions to fight against climate change,
    [0026] - Improvement in pollutant gas treatment systems, through transparent systems, duly explained to the public,
    [0027] - Modification of the energy model: Increase in the production of electrical energy to provide service to the technological change that will involve the transition from the combustion engine to the electric motor of the car park,
    [0028] - Processes for the management of waste generated,
    [0029] - Safety and reliability of production systems,
    [0030] - Preservation of resources through recycling policies,
    [0031] - And also, production of cement for the manufacture of concrete necessary for the maintenance and improvement of homes and infrastructures.
    [0033] The cement industry has a large presence throughout the world. Thus, while in developed countries that no longer need so much cement, facilities are closed, these same countries demand more electrical energy and produce more waste, so systems are needed for the production of such electrical energy and investment must be made. in facilities for proper waste management. On the other hand, in the rest of the world, many developing countries need the urbanization of their cities, demanding a large amount of cement, which forces them to have factories in which produce this building element in a way different from what was allowed to date, reducing emissions of greenhouse gases, and other environmental pollutants to avoid climate change and pollution of the planet.
    [0035] All the machines and installations included in this invention patent have already been invented and there are different installations that use them. What is proposed is an integration model different from the one developed by the industry.
    [0037] Description of the invention
    [0039] The idea is based on taking advantage of the different hot gas streams from both processes in an efficient way, enriching it with high purity oxygen (use of N 2 / O 2 separation equipment), injecting fuel or carrying out heat exchanges in order to increase the temperature of the streams and adjust them to the needs of each phase of the clinker manufacturing process or the generation of electrical energy. However, an attempt has been made to make the two processes independent so that they can even function independently according to the circumstances of each moment.
    [0041] First of all, it should be noted that, for the cement clinker production process, the ideal would be to have a state-of-the-art installation with 5 or 6 exchange stages, a short furnace, a precalciner, a chlorine bypass and the rest of the the usual facilities of cement clinker manufacturing processes, but the advantage of this process is that you can really use any kiln configuration as long as you have a grate cooler
    [0043] In the ideal case: Precalciners can provide up to 60% of the heat required for clinker production (variable factor), heat that is supplied very close to the cyclone exchange tower and is used mainly for the dehumidification and dehumidification process. decarbonization of raw material. These precalciners allow the use of alternative fuels derived from residues and improve the stability of the processes. 40% of the remaining heat is provided by the traditional fuel burner applied to rotary kilns, this energy being used mainly to increase the temperature necessary to produce the clinkerization reaction (exothermic). For these two combustions, hot air from the clinker cooler called secondary air (used for combustion of the fuel introduced through the rotary kiln burner) and tertiary air (used in the precalciner) are used. In all clinker cooling processes, of the total air supplied for this cooling, there is always an excess air that must be filtered to eliminate the suspended clinker dust that it carries, before being expelled to the environment.
    [0045] The proposal consists of using that stream of hot air that is left over from the clinker cooling process carried out in the cooler to proceed to the generation of electrical energy in an appropriate boiler, to later proceed to the drying of the biomass or any other wet fuel, which will be used as fuel in the boiler or clinker furnace (if necessary, some kind of noble fuel (biogas or natural gas) could be injected to compensate for the heat needs).
    [0047] Surplus air is used for the production of electrical energy , which can reach a temperature of around 450 ° C. The amount of air to be sent to the boiler should be the highest possible, subtracting the minimum essential that must be reserved for the clinkerization process (secondary and tertiary airs), so it could be interesting to mix the cooling air with oxygen from high purity (88%), until reaching an oxygen mixture in the 30% air, in order to have more oxygen available also in the furnace and to be able to send more quantity of hot air, as enriched in oxygen as possible, to the boiler to increase the electrical energy produced. The boiler should preferably be a fluidized bed or any other technology that is efficient for the combustion of biomass, or other fuels that may be available, in order to generate sufficient temperature to reheat the steam that would drive a steam turbine. for the generation of electrical energy. The electric power generation process is based on a Rankine cycle with steam turbine as it is a simple and robust scheme, but it is possible to think of other more efficient Electric Power generation models and processes. The ashes from the boiler can be used as an addition to the cement or mixed with the crude oil to be calcined again, depending on the properties of the ashes.
    [0049] For the subsequent drying operation , in addition to the burner for fuel injection, the use of a rotating trommel, a cyclone drying system, or any other solid drying system of sufficient efficiency is envisaged. Thanks to this process, we will have an abundant fuel, from which we have removed a large part of the moisture, so its Lower Calorific Power (on a wet basis) would be considerably higher.
    [0051] The humid and lower temperature gases that come out of the dryer, with the pollutants from the boiler combustion process and the solid particles with clinker, ash or biomass that could be entrained, will be used to cool the hot gases from the chlorine elimination bypass. Installation that is usually necessary for the proper functioning of the cement process, especially in those facilities that consume a large amount of fuels derived from waste or whose raw materials contain high contents of this element.
    [0053] This quenching process has two advantages: on the one hand, a cold stream loaded with pollutants is being used to cool the bypass gases, but on the other hand, thanks to the union of the cold gas with the crude loaded bypass stream, we are making it possible the purification of the gases from the boiler making it pass through a gas loaded with particles with a great capacity to capture polluting elements such as crude oil from cement processes, and all this using a single filter (preferably sleeves) for the subsequent purification of particles. If it were necessary to increase the amount of crude oil to capture polluting gases, it is thought that the use of crude captured in the clinker kiln gas outlet filter (CKD = Clinker Kiln Dust) could be appropriate.
    [0055] This bypass must be installed to reduce the chlorine content of the foreseeable chlorine recirculation phenomenon, which raises chlorine levels leading to the formation of sticking and the stop of the industrial clinker manufacturing process, especially when chlorine inputs are very large amounts from raw material or fuels, which is foreseeable in production systems that use a higher content of fuels derived from residues.
    [0057] The Rankine process with superheated steam for the generation of Electric Power is a system usually installed, consisting of a pump that raises the water pressure, some pipes that take the water under pressure to recuperators, economizers and other types of heat exchangers to increase the water temperature, which is permanently raised in the biomass boiler itself to temperature and pressure values that convert it into superheated steam. This superheated steam drives a turbine that generates electrical energy, expanding and cooling to lower values until it reaches the condenser. in which it is cooled with water and cold air to return the water to the initial conditions of the pump that raised the pressure, thus closing the cycle.
    [0059] As mentioned previously, another stream of gases from the cement process that can be used in the electric power generation process, in addition to the already mentioned use of quaternary air in the biomass boiler, is the use of hot gases from the chimney outlet. Crude kiln-mill system, clean gases already filtered and purified that come out through the chimney at a temperature above 170 ° C. These gases could even be reheated by appropriate heat exchange with other process streams. The function of these hot gases would be to help raise the temperature of the closed steam circuit, reducing the amount of biomass that must be injected into the boiler to achieve the degree of heating necessary to produce the planned Electric Power. The fraction of these flue gases used in the boiler can be sent to the atmosphere without problem since they have not undergone any type of subsequent mixing that could contaminate them. It is necessary to assess whether this use is economically profitable.
    [0061] As can be seen in the attached sketch, all the combustion gases from the boiler outlet are used and purified in the cement clinker manufacturing process either through the bypass quenching / filter or directly in the conditioning tower. of gases / filter of the furnace - crude mill system, thus reducing the need for additional investments for the construction of combustion gas purification systems, different from those already existing in a cement plant.
    [0063] In all this described process, there is a drawback that must be considered, and this is the bypass powder which must be processed in some way to find a final destination. One option can be as a base for concrete floors or mixed with other elements to be able to produce a technosoil that could be used in quarry restoration.
    [0065] Brief description of the drawings
    [0067] For a better understanding of what has been described in the present specification, some drawings are attached in which, just by way of example, the basic concept of operation and arrangement of the process is represented, as well as the different auxiliary elements that could be added for optimization of this.
    [0069] Figure 1 shows a precalciner assembled to the exchange tower and clinker kiln common to dry cement clinker production processes with five stages. There are numerous modifications to this basic design, but in essence it is a combustion chamber in which air is mixed with the fuel in order to be able to calcine the crude that goes down in a countercurrent, subsequently leaving the gases towards the cyclones in which the fuel continues. heating of the mixture of limestone material previously ground in contact with the stream of gases heated in the kiln and the precalciner.
    [0071] Figure 2 represents a Rankine T / S circuit with superheat for generating electrical energy. In the drawing, the different sections of the curves are associated with numbers that correspond to the process numbers of the closed circuit of the water-steam process according to the sketch in figure 6.
    [0073] Figure 3 shows a trommel type biomass dryer and in figure 4 another cyclone type dryer.
    [0074] Figure 5 represents the sketch of an integral cement factory; additionally, optional equipment is included that are installed in some cement factories, such as oxygen injection (oxy-fuel) or the presence of a chlorine bypass.
    [0076] Figure 6 shows the sketch of the integration of an integral cement factory with all the auxiliary equipment together with a biomass boiler.
    [0078] The gas and liquid pipes and the fluids, belts, elevators or other equipment used for the movement of solids that connect the equipment in the sketches of figures 5 and 6, through which the different types of materials of the cement process circulate, are represented attending to the following code:
    [0079] - Solid lines correspond to gas / air / oxygen flows.
    [0080] - The dotted lines correspond to water / steam flows.
    [0081] - The lines made up of a dash and a dot correspond to flows of solid materials:
    [0082] raw materials, crude, clinker, CKD powder or bypass powder.
    [0083] - The lines made up of a dash and a colon correspond to the flow of fuels.
    [0084] Description of a preferred embodiment
    [0086] The ways to apply this model may vary depending on the different configurations of the concrete cement factory and the electric power generation process that is applied and the level of investment that is desired to be undertaken to reform an existing installation.
    [0088] In general, it should be considered that all cement processes consist of a raw material input (3000), fuel inputs (1000) and a cement output for dispatch (2000). In case of installing a cogeneration, the fuel input (4000) to the biomass boiler (52) must also be considered.
    [0090] The ideal way to proceed would be the construction of a new factory that would be composed of the following additional elements to the usual structures of cement clinker factories:
    [0092] Modifications in the cement clinker manufacturing line:
    [0094] The clinker manufacturing line can be any production line commonly installed in the world. The most common would be for it to contain the elements described in figure 5 (the model, number and size of each installed equipment depends on the degree of innovation of each installation):
    [0096] (1) Clinker cooler: The hot clinker (1,450 ° C) that falls into this equipment from the kiln (2) is cooled with atmospheric air supplied by fans. The hot gases generated in the cooling process are used as secondary air for the combustion of the fuel (1000) used in the furnace itself (2) or the precalciner (3). The excess air is taken to the filter (10) thanks to the depression generated in the circuit by fans located appropriately throughout the process.
    [0097] (2) Clinker furnace: In this equipment, the crude (mixed and ground raw material) from the exchange tower (4) reaches the necessary temperature for clinker reactions to take place (~ 1,450 ° C). Part of the hot air produced in the cooler (1) (1,100 ° C) is used as secondary air for the combustion of different types of fuels fed through an appropriate burner existing. The air from this burner can be injected with oxygen through an oxygen production facility (15) to enrich the mixture and reduce the amount of air required for combustion.
    [0098] (3) Precalciner: Element in which additional combustion is carried out, reducing the combustion that takes place in the furnace (2). It is possible to reduce the thermal load of the combustion of the furnace burner (less NOx), to burn other types of fuels, to reduce heat losses in the furnace, as well as to provide stability to the entire production process. The heat generated in the precalciner is used in limestone decarbonization and dehumidification, producing the union of the hot gas streams generated in the precalciner with the crude coming from the heat exchange tower (4). For the combustion of the supplied fuel, hot air from the cooler (1) is used as tertiary air. Oxygen enriched air can also be used. The more modern the line in which to apply the invention, the efficiency of the system can be improved, so it is advisable to install this precalciner attached to the heat exchange tower (4), although this element is not essential. The amount of fuel to be injected into the precalciner must be adequate to promote the complete combustion of all the fuel, taking into account the amount of oxygen actually available, ensuring an adequate residence time at high temperature for all the combustion gases for the destruction of dioxins and furans (T> 850 ° C for more than 2 ”).
    [0099] (4) Heat exchange tower: There are a wide variety of designs. In general, it is a series of cyclones in which countercurrent heat exchange occurs between the descending crude oil conveniently dosed in the upper cyclones of the exchange tower from the crude silo (5), with the rising heat of the Combustion gases from the furnace (2) and the precalciner (3). In this equipment the temperature of the raw material is raised to approximately 900 ° C, producing the decarbonization of the limestone.
    [0100] (5) Crude silo: To store and finish homogenizing the finely ground raw material from the crude mill (7) for subsequent dosing to the system through the heat exchange tower (4) according to the level of production that be fixed. (6) Gas conditioning tower: Equipment necessary to lower the temperature of the exit gases from the heat exchange tower (4), before passing to the filter (8) in the event that the crude mill (7) stand still.
    [0101] (7) Crude mill: Equipment necessary to mix, dry and grind the different types of raw materials (3000) that are joined to form a fine or raw material with the necessary composition to be stored in the crude silo (5) before your feeding to the rest of the process.
    [0102] (8) End-of-line filter of the furnace - crude mill system: Filter to remove particles that accompany the exhaust gas stream from the gas conditioning tower (6) or the crude mill (7). The fine particles captured, called CKD, are usually stored in the crude silo (5), although it is also possible to send them to the cement mill (13).
    [0103] (9) Chimney: To emit and diffuse the exhaust gases from the combustion process after the particles are eliminated by the filter (8).
    [0104] (10) End-of-line filter for the clinker cooling process: Filter to remove particles that accompany the outlet air stream from the clinker cooler (1) that has not been used as secondary air in the kiln (2) or tertiary in the precalciner (3). The collected fine particles are sent to the clinker house (12). The filter may include an air cooling system to lower the air temperature of the clinker cooler (1) in order to protect the filter sleeves. At the outlet of this filter there is a fan that pulls the gases to maintain the pressure in the furnace head at around 1 atm.
    [0105] (11) Chimney: To emit and diffuse the excess air from the clinker cooling process (1).
    [0106] (12) Clinker shed: Storage of the clinker formed in the kiln (2) after being cooled in the clinker cooler (3), as well as the fine clinker collected in the filter (10).
    [0107] (13) Cement mill: Equipment necessary to grind the clinker accumulated in the clinker shed (12) with gypsum and other materials (fly ash, blast furnace slag, CKD, etc.) to form the different types of cements (2000 ) that are produced in the plant.
    [0108] (14) Silos, bagging machines and other dispatch systems: To store the cements produced in the cement mill in different formats (13) until they are sold.
    [0110] To this basic configuration, other facilities typical of cement factories with technological improvements can be added:
    [0112] (15) Oxygen production equipment: To produce pure oxygen (about 80%), to mix with the combustion air (about 30%) and reduce the amount of air required for combustion in the burner (2) and in the precalciner (3) in order to increase the production of the kiln. As a consequence, more hot air is available in the filter (10). The O2 / N2 separation equipment consists of: compressor, air cleaning systems, compressed air accumulator, membrane separator, O2 boiler. At times, the installation of liquid oxygen supply tanks produced by cryogenic equipment can be profitable.
    [0113] (16) Quenching: Equipment for cooling very hot gases (900 ° C) and usually very rich in chlorine, coming from the oven outlet (2) at its junction with the heat exchange tower (4), with the aim to purge the system of the presence of chlorine, an element in which the process is enriched due to recirculation phenomena, and which ends up causing sticking problems in the heat exchange tower (4). Ambient air is used to cool these gases. (17) Chlorine bypass filter: Filter to remove chlorine-rich particles that accompany the quenching exhaust gas stream (16). These fine particles are sent to landfill, although there are other options that can be applied for their treatment and integration into the ecosystem. The quenching (16) and the filter (17) are not essential for clinker production processes, although, due to the large amount of fuels derived from waste with a high chlorine content that are used, in order to avoid problems of chlorine recirculation phenomena (sticking and blockage), it is a very useful element that will be increasingly necessary to install as it is a very effective solution for sticking and blockage control.
    [0115] The improvements proposed in this document can be made to this cement clinker production system, for which it is requested to be recognized as an invention patent.
    [0117] Electric power generation:
    [0119] Electric power generation processes have a wide variety of possible configurations that improve yields with the aim of producing as much electrical power as possible. To date, the use of hot gases produced in cement plants has been developed in many facilities worldwide through energy recovery facilities already included in the hot gases that come out from chimney or in other areas of the process with high temperatures without any type of overheating of the gases.
    [0121] What is proposed in this document is the inclusion of a biomass boiler (other fuels could also be used) for the realization of a Rankine cycle with reheating for the production of a substantial amount of electrical energy (depending on the available biomass) with better returns. The integration of both processes increases the performance of biomass boilers by between 5 and 10% depending on the amount of hot air available from the clinker cooler (1).
    [0123] The integration with the clinker manufacturing process will be carried out according to the sketch proposed in figure 6:
    [0125] (50) High-efficiency cyclones: The excess hot air produced in the clinker cooler (1) at around 450 ° C, is piped to a set of high-efficiency cyclones to remove 80% of the clinker particles that carries the exhaust air from the cooler. With this configuration, the clinker cooler filter (10) disappears. If the air is enriched with pure oxygen, the amount of hot air that leaves the cooler and is not destined for the clinker manufacturing process as secondary or tertiary air is considerably higher, which improves the electrical performance of the cogeneration installation by increasing the amount of hot air available.
    [0126] (51) Fan that allows the pressure in the furnace head to be maintained at around 1 atm, connected by pipes to the outlet of the high-efficiency cyclones (50). This fan replaces the fan located in the filter (10) sharing its function. Likewise, it is possible to use it to mix the hot air with the pure oxygen (80%) from the oxygen production installation (15) to compensate for the oxygen deficit of the gases from the recirculation of exhaust gases that come from the economizer (53) at about 350 ° C, in order to increase the biomass flow that can be used and therefore the electrical power of the system.
    [0127] (52) Biomass boiler, fluid bed or other suitable technology for the combustion of the biomass injected together with the air coming from the fan (51) with an excess of oxygen sufficiently high over the stoichiometric necessary to ensure the complete combustion of all the fuel (4-6% oxygen). The ashes from the boiler can be sent to the crude mill (7) or to the cement mill (13), to be incorporated into the crude oil or cement in the appropriate dose.
    [0128] (53) Economizer: Heat exchanger to take advantage of the energy of the flue gases of the boiler (52) (outlet temperature 350-450 ° C). Part of the gases from the outlet of this equipment return to the boiler (52) mixed with pure oxygen from the oxygen production equipment (15) and air from the cooler (1) for the complete combustion of the biomass. The regulation of the flows is carried out by means of gates.
    [0129] (54) Recuperator: Additional heat exchanger to take advantage of the energy of the gases after the economizer (53) (outlet temperature 100-200 ° C).
    [0130] (55) Biomass dryer: Exhaust gases from the recuperator (54) at a temperature between 100 - 200 ° C, are used to lower the humidity of the biomass that is subsequently used as fuel. Sometimes it may be necessary to use some type of fuel to increase the temperature and dry very humid biomass. It is possible to use a rotary trommel type biomass dryer (figure 3), using flash cyclones (figure 4) or another similar type of dryer. An additional possibility consists of eliminating the gas conditioning tower (6), increasing the quality of the filter bags of the crude oil mill system (8) so that they can withstand temperatures above 360 ° C, achieving a usable hot gas for drying of biomass. The exit gases from the biomass dryer are sent to quenching (16). If necessary, ambient air is added to lower the temperature. If there is no bypass to remove chlorine, equipment similar to a gas conditioning tower (6) from the standard Clínker production process could be used, converted into a spray-dryer. In this way, it is possible to use existing facilities to purify the exhaust gases from the boiler and the dryer and avoid their construction. To improve the purification of the exhaust gases in the spray-dryer or in the quenching, it may be necessary to add wet limestone (it can be CKD from the filter (8)) or activated carbon.
    [0131] (56) End-of-line filter: The output of gases from the biomass dryer (56) purified by a spray-dryer or after passing through quenching (16) if there is one, is directed to an end-of-line filter to separate the transported solids from the gas stream. This filter replaces filters (10) and (17) of the standard clinker manufacturing process. The dust captured in this filter must be managed externally.
    [0132] (57) Chimney: To emit and diffuse into the atmosphere the exhaust gases from the combustion process of the boiler (52) after passing through the energy recovery equipment for the combustion and filtration gases described.
    [0134] Water-steam cycle:
    [0136] This cycle is a highly used Rankine cycle with reheating, which consists of the following equipment:
    [0138] (101) Water pump: for raising the water pressure.
    [0139] (54) Recuperator: Additional heat exchanger to take advantage of the energy of the gases after the economizer (53) (outlet temperature 100-200 ° C).
    [0140] (53) Economizer: Heat exchanger to take advantage of the energy of the exhaust gases of the boiler (52) (outlet temperature 350- 450 ° C). In the recuperator and economizer, the water temperature is progressively raised to the vapor phase.
    [0141] (52) Biomass boiler, fluid bed or other suitable technology for the combustion of biomass.
    [0142] (102) High pressure turbine for the generation of electrical energy.
    [0143] (103) Low pressure turbine for the generation of electrical energy, after additional reheating of the steam through the economizer (53).
    [0144] (104) Water cooling tank for lowering the steam temperature until the condensation of steam in water and further lowering the temperature.
    [0146] In the event that the clinker production process is stopped, the performance of the biomass boiler (52) returns to the standard value of a boiler not integrated with said process, allowing the great thermal inertia of the clinkerization process to carry out a controlled reduction of the electrical energy produced, without the need to stop the biomass boiler (52).
    [0148] In the event that the biomass boiler (52) is stopped, it is possible to send all the air from the clinker cooler (1) directly to the quenching (16) to lower its temperature before passing it to the biomass dryer (55).
    [0150] As a summary, the integration of the two processes allows the sharing of a single cleaning system for the polluting gases into the atmosphere from the biomass boiler (52), the bypass (17) and the air from the clinker cooler (1), thus that supposes a reduction in the necessary investment. On the other hand, the possibility of giving an outlet to the ashes of the boiler of biomass, mixing it with raw materials from clinker production is an improvement that makes this solution more environmentally attractive.
    [0152] The cold air for quenching from the gases of the electric power generation boiler can also have a significant percentage of chlorine, so it is possible to clean the two gas streams at the same time thanks to the basic characteristics of the limestone dust. that carry the gases from the bypass, limestone particles that can be increased with the addition of dust from the filter of the chimney of the furnace - crude mill system.
    权利要求:
    Claims (3)
    [1]
    1. INTEGRATION SYSTEM OF BIOMASS BOILERS IN CEMENT CLINKER MANUFACTURING PROCESSES, is characterized by:
    - Send the excess hot air (between 300 and 450 ° C) from the clinker cooler (1), to a biomass boiler (52) of an electrical energy production process.
    - Reduce the clinker dust transported by the air from the clinker cooler (1) before reaching the boiler by means of a high-efficiency cyclone system (50).
    - Send the hot gases from the biomass boiler (52) and the associated heat recovery units (53) and (54), to a biomass dryer (55).
    - Send the exhaust gases from the biomass drying process (55) to the quenching equipment (16) of clinker production plants with chlorine bypass facilities.
    - Send the ashes generated in the biomass boiler to the crude mill (7) or to the cement mill (13).
    [2]
    2. INTEGRATION SYSTEM OF BIOMASS BOILERS IN CEMENT CLINKER MANUFACTURING PROCESSES adapted to clinker manufacturing processes without bypass installation, according to claim 1 characterized by:
    - Send the exit gases from the biomass drying process (55) to the gas exchange tower (6) converted into a spray-dryer, adding CKD dust captured in the filter (8) in the form of slurry, and subsequently send the gas to filter (56).
    - Directly send the gases (between 350 and 400 ° C) from the exchange tower (4) to the filter (8), conditioned to withstand those temperatures (high efficiency cyclones), without going through the gas exchange tower (6), to later send that hot and clean gas in the biomass drying process (55).
    [3]
    3. SYSTEM FOR INTEGRATION OF BIOMASS BOILERS IN CEMENT CLINKER MANUFACTURING PROCESSES adapted to clinker manufacturing processes without the need for biomass drying, according to claims 1 and 2 characterized by:
    - Send the hot gases (between 350 and 400 ° C) out of the exchange tower (4) or out of the recuperator (54) to any process that requires an additional heat input (for example: home heating, production of hot water, increase in electricity production, production of "biochar", other industrial processes).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2812673B2|2021-09-17|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DE3542004A1|1985-11-28|1987-06-04|Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag|Drying and combustion of sludges in the firing of mineral materials|
    JP2010163509A|2009-01-14|2010-07-29|Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co Ltd|Method for manufacturing biomass fuel, and biomass fuel|
    IN2013MU00759A|2013-03-13|2015-07-03|Transparent Energy Systems Private Ltd|
    WO2014150695A1|2013-03-14|2014-09-25|Lehigh Cement Company Llc|Using kiln waste heat to reduce moisture content of class a biosolids and other biomass fuels|
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